The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list.
References should be listed in the alphabetical order according to the surnames of the first author at the end of the paper and should be cited in the text as described in 15.1.
15.1 In-text citations
• The in-text citation should consist of the author's name and year of publication [e.g., “according to Turing1995,” or “as shown by an earlier study Turing 1995”].
• When there are two or more papers by the same author in the same year, the distinguishing suffix (a, b, etc.) should be added.
If the citation is for a reference with two authors, use both author names [e.g., Neisy and Salmani 2013].
References with three or more authors are always cited as the first author's name followed by "et al." [e.g., De Marchi et al. 2018].
15.2 Dataset citations
• Citing dataset references in text
The in-text citations for dataset references should be formatted the same as other publication types, using the author’s name and year of publication [e.g., “dataset produced by Knutti (2014),” or “as shown by an earlier dataset (Knutti 2014)”].
When dataset authors consist of organizations with lengthy names, abbreviate the author names appropriately [e.g., use “(NCEP 2005)” instead of “(National Centers for Environmental Prediction 2005)”]. If the citation is for a reference with two authors, use both author names [e.g., “Yeager and Large (2008)”]. References with three or more authors are always cited as the first author’s name followed by “et al.” [e.g., “Lawrimore et al. (2011)”].
• Unpublished or inaccessible data
Data that are not curated or available upon request should not be included in the references and should be cited directly in the text as “unpublished data,” giving the names of the person(s) who provided the data and the year in which it was provided. If the unpublished data are the authors’ own data, the authors’ names should be listed with the year of dataset creation:
•• J. Weatherly (2017, unpublished data); (J. Weatherly 2017, unpublished data).
• Citing processed/derived data
Findings presented in scientific articles are often the product of multistage workflows that involve combining, extracting, processing, and deriving datasets. Information generated by numerical simulation models should also be regarded as derived data. In these cases, citations should be to any dataset(s) from an external source, and, if possible, to the final derived dataset(s), if they are archived in a reliable location. The goal is to provide transparency and traceability for the results of computational processes and models. In some cases, it may be more appropriate to provide citation and access to processing or model software than to the output data themselves. Questions about these cases should be discussed with the journal editors.
• Citing papers that describe a dataset vs citing a dataset
Avoid citing only the published paper that describes a dataset or presents findings that are based on a dataset. Such papers may not link directly to the dataset and/or might be out of synchronization with the dataset, particularly when a dataset is updated or revised. It is best practice to cite both the paper and the dataset: the paper citation links to an important (but incomplete) source of information about the dataset, and the data citation links directly to the dataset and associated metadata.
• Acknowledging a dataset vs. citing a dataset
The acknowledgments section may include a brief statement if explicitly requested by the dataset provider, but the author must also create a formal citation to ensure the inclusion of detailed information about the dataset. If authors are unsure of the details needed for a dataset citation, contact the dataset provider for the specific information.
15.3 References
• Journal article
•• Last name and initials of author(s) (if nine or more, the first author is followed by "and Coauthors"), year of publication, title of paper, title of journal (italicized), volume of journal (bolded) (issue or citation number (only if required for identification) (bolded)), page range, and DOI (if available).
•• Bon, L., De Marchi, S., Sommariva, A., Vianello, M., 2018, Computing multivariate Fekete and Leja points by numerical linear algebra, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 48 (5), 1984-1999. https://doi.org/10.1137/090779024.
•• Campagna, R., Cuomo, S., De Marchi, S., Peracchione, E., Severino, G., 2020,
A stable meshfree PDE solver for source-type flows in Porous media, Applied Numerical Mathematics, 149, 30-42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2019.08.015.
•• Neisy, A., Salmani, K., 2013, An inverse finance problem for estimation of the volatility, Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 53 (1), 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965542513010090.
• Book
•• Last name and initials of author(s), year of publication of book, title of book, publisher’s name (italicized), and total pages pp.
•• Fasshauer, G, E., 2007, Meshfree approximation methods with MATLAB, World Scientific Publishing, 491 pp.
• Chapter in a book
•• Last name and initials of author(s) of the chapter, year of publication of book, title of the chapter, title of book, name of editor(s), publisher’s name (italicized), and page range.
•• Franklin, A. W., 2012, Management of the problem, The maltreatment of children, Smith, S. M., Lancaster: MTP, 83-95.
For a chapter in a book that is part of a monograph series, the format is similar but includes the volume and number of the monograph.
• Dataset References
Whenever possible, datasets should be referenced directly via a listing in the references in the following style:
•• Dataset authors/producers, data release year: Dataset title, version. Data archive/distributor, access date (DD Month YYYY), data locator/identifier (doi or URL).
•• Note that references to papers that introduce or describe a dataset and/or mentions in the acknowledgments are no longer considered adequate, as these often fail to give a reader sufficient information to access the specific data used.
•• Other citation elements should be used where applicable, such as dataset editors, subsets used, and the data archive or distributor physical location.
• Other
References should be to peer-reviewed literature whenever possible. Technical reports, conference proceedings, and other “gray literature” should be referenced only when no other source of the material is available, and an “available at” address or URL should be provided for reports and dissertations. Here are some examples:
• Conference proceedings, preprints, and extended abstracts
•• Last name and initials of author(s), year of publication, title of paper, name of conference (italicized), volume (bolded), city and state/country where conference was held, conference sponsor’s name, page range or paper number, and URL or DOI, if available.
•• Karimnejad, E. M., Neisy, A., De Marchi, S., 2020,Pricing Insurance Bonds Using RBF Method, The 6th FINACT-IRAN National Conference on Financial and Actuarial Mathematics, Tehran, Iran, IPM and Saman Insurance,
•• Neisy. A., 2010, Three critical problems in financial mathematics, 23rd International Conference of JANG-Jeon Mathematical Society, Ahwaz, Iran, University of Chamran & JANG Jeon Mathematical Society S. Korea, 8-10.
• Dissertation/thesis
•• Author(s), publication year, Dissertation/thesis title, Dissertation/thesis, Thesis Department (needed only if M.S. thesis), University, total pages, and URL, if available.
•• Perracchione, E., 2017, RBF-Based Partition of Unity Method: Theory, Algorithms and Applications. University of Torino, 100.
• Report/note/memo
•• Author(s), publication year: Report/note/memo title. Report/Note/Memo Name and number, total pages, and URL or DOI, if available.
•• Skamarock, W. C., and Coauthors, 2008, A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-475+STR, 113 pp, https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH.